groups. Given wages, the direct employment effect of a reduction in weekly normal hours is negligible for all three groups … groups. Given wages, the direct employment effect of a reduction in weekly normal hours is negligible for all three groups …In this paper we estimate the employment effects of a reduction in weekly normal hours in West German manufacturing on …

with high likelihood of being outsourced. And, when comparing wages of direct and outsourced employees, it is possible to … notice that outsourced (with high likelihood) face a decrease in their wages, in most of the situations examined. …

effect of reducing employment in small firms as well as what these firms offer their workers. Thus, if there are only small …

estimation of causal effects shows significant higher average annual employment growth rates of German venture-backed firms. …

% decrease in manufacturing employment. We document important spillovers for untreated sectors in treated counties, untreated …

symmetric marginal employment subsidies where firms are rewarded when they increase employment but punished when they reduce … their workforce, we consider an asymmetric scheme that only rewards employment expansion. This changes the incidence … their workforce when trade unions raise wages. This tames the unions, which causes wage moderation and raises aggregate …