with high likelihood of being outsourced. And, when comparing wages of direct and outsourced employees, it is possible to … notice that outsourced (with high likelihood) face a decrease in their wages, in most of the situations examined. …

We apply a monopoly trade union model and analyze employment, wage and budgetary effects of (i) an inflow of migrant … (decreases) the employment level, if the union represents (does not represent) migrant workers. -- migration ; welfare state …

We exploit the non-linearity in the level of minimum wages across US States created by the coexistence of federal and … state regulations to investigate how minimum wages affect the labor market impact of immigration. We find that the effects ….S. States with low minimum wages (i.e., where the federal minimum wage is binding). The results are robust to instrumenting …

employment effects. We quantify these effects for Germany. Following Borjas (2003), we estimate a structural model of labor …