Recent years have witnessed a rise in right-wing extremism among German youth and young adults. This paper investigates the extent to which the experience of parental unemployment during childhood affects young people's far right-wing attitudes and xenophobia. Estimates from three different...

The Italian civil war and the Nazi occupation of Italy occurred at a critical juncture, just before the birth of a new democracy. We study the impact of these traumatic events by exploiting geographic heterogeneity in the duration and intensity of civil war, and the persistence of the...

Survivor testimonies link survival in deadly POW camps, Gulags, and Nazi concentration camps to the formation of close friendships with other prisoners. We provide statistical evidence consistent with these fundamentally selective testimonies. We study the survival of the 140 thousand Jews who...

How do the media affect public support for democratic institutions in a fragile democracy? What role do they play in a dictatorial regime? We study these questions in the context of Germany of the 1920s and 1930s. During the democratic period, when the Weimar government introduced pro-government...

1. The Organization of Terror and Murder -- 2. The Modern Theory of Bureaucracy -- 3. Bureaucratic Competition in the Third Reich -- 4. Vertical Trust Networks in the Nazi Bureaucracy -- 5. Horizontal Trust Networks in the Nazi Bureaucracy -- 6. Coercion and Vertical Trust in the Nazi...

1.Italian Economics and Fascism: an Institutional View -- 2. Economists and the Fascist Regime: A Painful Continuity? -- 3 The Persistence of Tradition: The Economists in the Law Faculties and in the Higher Institutes of Business Studies (1922 – 1943) -- 4.The Faculties of Political Sciences...

1. Economic Expertise and Political Militancy under Fascism: an Introduction -- 2. From Nationalism to Fascism: Protagonists and Journals -- 3. Planning and Discussing Corporatism and the “New International Order” -- 4. “Breaking down the Ivory Tower”: Economic Culture in Italian...

Can weakened religiosity lead to the rise of totalitarianism? The Nazi Party set itself up as a political religion, emphasizing redemption, sacrifice, rituals, and communal spirit. This had a major impact on its success: Where the Christian Church only had shallow roots, the Nazis received...