Prior research has shown that time spent in school does not close the achievement gap between students with low and … about their students' reading achievements by using a randomized controlled trial. We find that the teachers' baseline … beliefs are more important for low-SES students' academic performance, that the intervention makes the teachers update these …

that these effects are most pronounced for students exposed to school closings. Furthermore, students initially enrolled in …

that these effects are most pronounced for students exposed to school closings. Furthermore, students initially enrolled in …

student performance in this region using unique international assessment data for sixth-grade students and their teachers. To … circumvent potential bias due to unobserved student heterogeneity, we exploit variation within students across math and reading …