unemployment rate increased dramatically, and the labor force participation rate declined by four percentage points between 2007 … unemployment via a reduction in overall labor supply. As the crisis deepened, long-term unemployment escalated, creating … significant policy challenges. Overall unemployment has been dropping rapidly since 2013, but remains above its pre-crisis level. …

and 2013, the unemployment rate increased dramatically, from 5% to 15.5%, and the labor force participation rate declined … economy, helping to moderate impacts on unemployment via a reduction in overall labor supply. As the crisis deepened, long …-term unemployment escalated. However, since 2013, there is clear evidence of a recovery in the labor market with unemployment, both …

institutional determinants, especially labor-market institutions, on migrants' choices. Based on a large data set constructed from … immigrant networks and negative effects of unemployment rates. In addition, we find that employment protection, union coverage … and unemployment benefits have positive effects on migration. Also good education and health systems tend to attract …