poverty reduction at the regional level, with a particular emphasis on the role of decentralization. Over the past decade … Indonesia has made significant progress in reducing poverty, from 23% of the population in 1999 to less than 12% in 2013 …. However, substantial differences in regional poverty are observed. In this paper, we discuss the factors that drive the …

-term development plan and the Millennium Development Goals, poverty in its multidimensionality remain a major issue in Indonesia as a … consistently since 2002, most of those escaping poverty are still vulnerable and just a small shock can send them quickly below the … poverty line. Using the PPP $2/day poverty line as a vulnerability measure, the World Bank (2006) found that 45% of …

definitions of poverty and have better information on the welfare status of their members. …

-poor household falling into poverty. Similarly, the impact of participation in the SSN programs on the probability for poor … households to move out of poverty is also largely insignificant. This implies that the benefits accrued to poor households from … the SSN program are too small to have a significant impact on their likelihood of escaping poverty. Hence, despite the …