environments across the two areas, we find remarkably consistent results: in families with two or more children, second-born boys … the evidence rules out differences in health at birth and the quality of schools chosen for children. We do find that …

We attempt to answer a simple empirical question: does having children make a parent live longer? The hypothesis we … offer is that a parent’s immune system is refreshed by a child’s infections at a time when their own protection starts …, 1991, and 2001, we are unable to reject this hypothesis. By contrast, we find in our key result that women with children …

Children starting school at older ages consistently exhibit better educational outcomes. In this paper, we underscore … relatively younger children to special needs services. The effect is persistent throughout compulsory schooling, resulting in …

's counterfactual work behavior. We show that extending parental leave has significant positive effects on children's health and human …

investigate the mechanisms behind this relationship using data on German pre-teen students. We show that (i) taller children are … better recommendations to taller students. This holds even when controlling for academic achievement and parental background … respect to education policy, our findings suggest that early school tracking might increase disadvantages for students with …

the labour force participation of parents. The variation in labour supply incentives is plausibly exogenous, since … eligibility depends on municipal-level rules, but not on family income. Robustness checks indicate that the results are not driven …

reduction in parental time devoted to children, which modifies their human capital accumulation process. We show that the result … critically depends on the assumptions on the altruistic motives behind the choice of devoting time to children …

Does after-school care provision promote mothers’ employment and balance the allocation of paid work among parents of …