Many believe that increasing the quantity of children will lead to a decrease in their quality. This paper exploits … significantly increased school enrollment of first-born children by approximately 16 percentage-points. The effect is larger for … households where the children are of the same sex …

driven by homeschooling rates jumping substantially, driven largely by families with children in elementary school. Third … was remote, suggesting heterogeneity in parental concerns about children’s physical health and instructional quality …

stringent disciplinary environments in response to their earlier-born children's poor performance in school in order to deter … such outcomes for their later-born offspring. We provide robust empirical evidence that school performance of children in … later-born children. Taken together, these patterns are consistent with a reputation model of strategic parenting …

the family farm or provide care and assistance around the house). However, children themselves may prefer to migrate when … limit investments in some children's education so that they will not find it optimal to migrate when they reach maturity … attractiveness of migration for educated children. Consistent with the model, in response to the treatment we find declines in school …