This paper analyses the causal impact of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) on pharmaceutical innovation in a panel of … 74 countries. The identification strategy exploits the different timing across countries of two sets of IPR reforms … to patent at the EPO. Results show that, in the short-run, IPR stimulate innovation. The effect for developing countries …

This paper studies the incentives that developing countries have to protect intellectual properties rights (IPR). On … violates IPR cannot legally export in a country that enforces them. Moreover free-riders cannot prevent others to copy their … own innovation. The analysis predicts that the willingness to enforce IPR is U-shaped in a country GDP: small …