1. International Trade and Inherent Risks -- 2. Services Offered by Commercial Banks -- 3. Methods of Trade -- 4. Foreign Exchange Rates -- 5. Bills of Exchange, Collections, Purchasing and Discounting -- 6. Documentary Letters of Credit -- 7. Letters of Credit: Types -- 8. Methods of Payment...

This paper presents a new model of oligopoly in general equilibrium and explores its implications for positive and normative aspects of international trade. Assuming “continuum-Pollak” preferences, the model allows for consistent aggregation over a continuum of sectors, in each of which a...

We review recent research linking international trade to the environment, with a focus on new results and methods. The review is given structure by a novel decomposition linking changes in emissions to changes in productive activity at the plant, firm, industry, and national levels. While some...

This paper intends to combine two fields in the economic literature by examining empirically the FDI pattern – horizontal versus vertical – within the European Union and the relevance of trade integration as a potential determinant of investment flows over the period 1995-2009. We capture...

With the availability of international value added trade data it has become evident that gross export data and value added data do not provide the same information. Although gross exports crosses national borders and is the target of trade policy, value added data tell us what fragment in the...

Using annual data for the period 1992-2012, this paper examines trade flows between China and its main trade partners in Asia, North America and Europe, and whether increasing trade has led to industrial structural adjustment and changes in China's trade patterns. The analysis is based on both...

The end of the EURO -- The effects of alternative currencies to national economies: the European experience -- The role of FDI in increasing employment for South-Eastern Europe countries -- Trends in the Balkans and Eurasia under globalization – geostrategic analysis -- The impact of...

This is the first English book on the economic relations between China and Latin America written by Chinese scholars. The authors are all from the Institute of Latin American Studies, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences - China’s premier think tank. By combining empirical techniques and...

Although Asia has been the world engine of economic growth since World War II, growth rates have differed sharply among the countries of the region. Still, all Asian countries have experienced some degree of growth limitation. Japan is facing the crucial issue of a quickly aging and shrinking...

"A fascinating book exploring through authoritative analysis, innovative, well-conceived and compelling approaches the contributing forces in Brazil’s economic integration with the world-economy. Enables comparative analysis of Brazil with the BRIC emerging economies and the G7 advanced...