Depuis la mise en place de la Stratégie Européenne pour l'Emploi (SEE), l'Union européenne fixe des objectifs et définit des indicateurs destinés à développer un benchmarking des politiques sociales. Bien que la politique familiale ne soit pas un domaine d'intervention explicitement...

EU institutions (Commission, Council and Parliament) have adopted the EU doctrine of the Precautionary Principle (PP) in year 2000, whereas the EU is the sole huge region where something called the PP is implemented and controlled by case law. There is nevertheless a huge contrast between this...

The paper examines the timing of exit from the interwar gold-exchange standard for a panel of European countries, based on monthly data over the period January 1928 - December 1936. I show that exit from gold can be understood in terms of a trade-off between a limited set of factors commonly...