knowledge spillovers between similar firms, the latter argues that diversity provides more opportunities for cross … relationship for Germany and Portugal. Both countries, though member states of the European Union, are fairly different from each … considerably. While it turns out that in Portugal firm entries are positively affected by a high concentration of skills, it is the …

implement them. Both of these knowledge-based elements of innovation can be attained through moderate labor force turnover in …Keeping up with rapid technological change necessitates constant innovation. Successful innovation depends on both … incumbent workers' knowledge, based on experience, and knowledge about the latest technologies, along with the skills needed to …

innovation experience, the results further highlight the important role of knowledge provided by skilled employees and unobserved …This paper investigates whether firms innovate persistently or discontinuously over time using an innovation panel data … set on German manufacturing and service firms for the period 1994-2002. We find that innovation behaviour is permanent at …

, to the best of our knowledge for the first time for Germany, gregariousness and social interaction at the workplace and …