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The welfare state is not merely a stand-in for missing markets; it can do a whole lot more. When generations overlap and the young must borrow to make educational investments, a dynamically-efficient welfare state, by taxing the middle-aged and offering a compensatory old-age pension, can...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013077021
We describe a “business as usual” (BAU) economy in which pollution is a by-product of productive activity by the current generation but “damages” production for future generations. Over time, conditions in the BAU economy become dire: it gets increasingly polluted, consumption falls and...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012981351
income and Protestant church attendance for six waves of up to 175 Prussian counties spanning 1886-1911. The data reveal a … marked decline in church attendance coinciding with increasing income. The cross-section also shows a negative association … between income and church attendance. But the association disappears in panel analyses, including first-differenced models of …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013086410
fixed effects account for time-invariant unobserved heterogeneity, education – but not income or urbanization – is …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013315625
The interaction between investment in children's education and parental fertility is crucial in recent theories of the …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013135779