We empirically investigate whether the persistence of politicians in political institutions affects the innovation …' innovation activity. However, once the causal effect is isolated by means of instrumental variables, using death of politicians … persistence and the probability of process innovation. This finding is consistent with the view that political stability may …

efficient technology even in the absence of taxation. When taxation is necessary for innovation, both types of taxes are … effective. However, the energy tax outperforms the emission tax in terms of innovation incentives …

domestic welfare. We consider the potential implementation of three innovation agreements: cooperative research joint venture …

This paper introduces dynamics in the R&D to innovation and innovation to productivity relationships, which have mostly … individual effects and idiosyncratic errors correlated across equations and that differ in the way innovation enters the … Community Innovation Survey. The results provide evidence of robust unidirectional causality from innovation to productivity and …