We empirically investigate whether the persistence of politicians in political institutions affects the innovation …' innovation activity. However, once the causal effect is isolated by means of instrumental variables, using death of politicians … persistence and the probability of process innovation. This finding is consistent with the view that political stability may …

This paper introduces dynamics in the R&D to innovation and innovation to productivity relationships, which have mostly … individual effects and idiosyncratic errors correlated across equations and that differ in the way innovation enters the … Community Innovation Survey. The results provide evidence of robust unidirectional causality from innovation to productivity and …

This paper analyzes the optimal protection strategy for an innovator of a complex innovation who faces the risk of … imitation by a competitor. We suppose that the innovation can be continuously fragmented into sub-innovations. We characterize … fraction of the innovation once. We also study the optimal dynamic patenting policy in a soft novelty regime, when the …