children with lower (observed and unobserved) gains are more likely to select into child care than children with higher gains …. This pattern of reverse selection on gains is driven by unobserved family background characteristics: children from … disadvantaged backgrounds are less likely to attend child care than children from advantaged backgrounds but have larger treatment …

paper, therefore, we illustrate the estimation challenges when migrations are temporary. As in an overwhelming share of the … problem becomes inherently dynamic and requires a more structural approach to estimation, which we briefly discuss …