This paper uses a multiple indicators and multiple causes (MIMIC) model and estimates the extent of corruption in 30 … Chinese provinces from 1995 to 2015. Treating corruption as an unobserved latent variable, the MIMIC results show that both … government size and public investment have significant positive effects on corruption, while fiscal decentralization, citizen …

This paper analyzes the influence of the shadow economy on corruption and vice versa. We hypothesize that corruption … that the shadow economy reduces corruption in high income countries, but increases corruption in low income countries. We … also find that stricter regulations increase both corruption and the shadow economy …

This paper analyzes the influence of the shadow economy on corruption and vice versa. We hypothesize that corruption … that the shadow economy reduces corruption in high income countries, but increases corruption in low income countries. We … also find that stricter regulations increase both corruption and the shadow economy. …