income and Protestant church attendance for six waves of up to 175 Prussian counties spanning 1886-1911. The data reveal a … marked decline in church attendance coinciding with increasing income. The cross-section also shows a negative association … between income and church attendance. But the association disappears in panel analyses, including first-differenced models of …

overall null effects. Effects are larger for high-SES students and mostly confined to developed countries …

Teachers differ greatly in how much they teach their students, but little is known about which teacher attributes …-teacher within-student variation, exploiting a unique Peruvian 6th-grade dataset that tested both students and their teachers in two …