expansion of school attainment has not guaranteed improved economic conditions. This paper reviews the role of education in …

linear labor tax rate and optimal linear education subsidies. The optimal income tax trades off social insurance against … incentives to work and to invest in human capital. Education subsidies are not used for social insurance, but are only targeted … at off-setting the distortions of the labor tax and internalizing a fiscal externality. Both optimal education subsidies …

. If education is complementary to labor effort, education should be subsidized to offset tax distortions on labor supply …. However, if most of the education is enjoyed by high ability households, education should be taxed in order to redistribute … resources to the poor. The paper identifies the exact conditions under which these two effects cancel and education should be …

This paper reviews empirical evidence, especially from Europe, on how education and training policies can be designed … education and schools over vocational and higher education to training and lifelong learning. The available evidence suggests … deliver best results. Designed this way, education and training systems can advance efficiency and equity at the same time …