We study upstream horizontal mergers and their potential efficiency gains. We show that an upstream horizontal merger … can give rise to two efficiency-enhancing effects when firms trade through two-part tariffs. It increases R&D investments … and decreases wholesale prices when downstream competition is not too strong. Examining whether the merger's potential …

, in line with economic theory, that firms with no market power are able to shift a high share of a tax burden on to …

A well-known result about market power in emission permit markets is that efficiency can be achieved by full free …

We analyze the impact of a merger on firms' incentives to innovate. We show that the merging parties always decrease … their innovation efforts post-merger while the outsiders to the merger respond by increasing their effort. A merger tends to … reduce overall innovation. Consumers are always worse off after a merger. Our model calls into question the applicability of …