For a long time globalization could be seen everywhere but in gravity estimates. We offer evidence how globalization …

actual aggregate cross-section data for 89 countries in 2011 to a hypothetical world without FDI. The gains from FDI amount … to 9% of world's welfare and to 11% of world's trade, unevenly distributed among winners and losers. Net exports of FDI …

intensity. Next, using a novel data set based on the World Input-Output Database (WIOD), we examine the importance of the supply …

, Europe, and Oceania for the period from 1870 to 2000 and demonstrate an overriding role for declining trade costs in the pre-World … War I trade boom. In contrast, for the post-World War II trade boom we identify changes in output as the dominant force …

The paper is devoted to an econometric analysis of learning foreign languages in all parts of the world. Our sample … learning while the world population of speakers of the native language generally discourages it. Trade with speakers of a … other three key variables (literacy rate, linguistic distance, and world population of native speakers) because its …