liberal access to citizenship improves the economic integration of immigrants. Our analysis relies on two major immigration … the reforms' eligibility rules. We find few returns of citizenship for men, but substantial returns for women. Returns are …, liberalization of citizenship provides some economic benefits but is unlikely to result in full integration of immigrants in the host …

Does granting birthright citizenship help immigrant children integrating in the host country's educational system? We …, 2000 with birthright citizenship. We use a difference-in-difference design that compares children born shortly before and …'s educational participation, both in non-mandatory preschool and upper secondary school. In addition, birthright citizenship …

how to bridge such divides. We study the effects of a major citizenship reform in Germany—the introduction of birthright … citizenship on January 1, 2000—in terms of inter-group cooperation and social segregation between immigrant and native youth. We … hypothesize that endowing immigrant children with citizenship rights levels the playing field between them and their native peers …

Immigrant children often face educational disadvantages that stem from their parents' decision-making. For example, in … birthright citizenship in Germany caused immigrant parents to adapt their educational choices for their offspring. We employ a … citizenship or not. We find that the policy caused immigrant parents to (i) send their children to preschool more often; (ii …

on the unconditional, down-flow grant system in Estonia. In particular the procedure of determining the total sum of …

' earnings or their decision to become self-employed; however in this paper we analyze the less studied effect on occupational …

The unemployment rate in Estonia rose sharply in 2010 to one of the highest levels in the EU, after the country entered …