achievement. Data from the American Mathematics Competitions is used to produce counts of high-scoring students from more than two …

We develop a theory of innovation for entry and sale into oligopoly, and show that inventions of higher quality are …

lower than the social planner's benchmark, which suggests a role for patent policy. We focus on a “non-infringing inventive … instrument in the form of patent length policy …

We examine the Nash equilibria of a game where two national governments set patent breadth strategically. Broader … North can innovate, harmonization of patent breadth lowers welfare relative to the Nash equilibrium. When both countries can … innovate, harmonization toward narrower patent breadth may raise world welfare …

This paper develops a model of patent trolls to understand various litigation strategies employed by nonpracticing …

The doctrine of patent exhaustion implies that the authorized sale of patented goods “exhausts” the patent rights in …, in which the patent owner forfeits all rights upon an authorized sale, and presumptive exhaustion, in which the patent … owner may opt-out of exhaustion via contract. This paper offers the first economic model of domestic patent exhaustion that …

patentability standards at PTOs (Patent and Trademark Offices awarding so-called bad patents), not only “false innovators” have the … chance of being granted patents but also, and more interestingly, “true innovators” are forced to patent more intensively … distortions caused by bad patents. Moreover, we show that introducing a two-tiered patent system is unlikely to improve market …