implications of membership in the World Trade Organization (WTO). Employing robust difference-in-difference specifications as well …

activities — negotiations, rule-making and dispute settlement — to deal with trade imbalances and with the main factors leading …

We argue that membership in International Organizations (IOs) is an important determinant of FDI inflows. To the extent … that membership restricts a country from pursuing policies that are harmful to investors, it can signal low political risk …. Using data over the 1971-2005 period, we find that membership in IOs does indeed increase inflows of FDI. Controlling for …

World Bank projects and generally find that projects that are potentially politically motivated – such as those granted to … governments holding a non-permanent seat on the United Nations Security Council or an Executive Directorship at the World Bank … Council members with higher short-term debt, however, a negative quality rating is more likely. So we find evidence that World …

temporary UN Security Council membership and participation in IMF programs, even after accounting for economic and political … factors, as well as regional and country effects, and duration dependence. There is also evidence that UNSC membership reduces … the number of conditions included in IMF programs. The size of the loan, however, is not affected by UNSC membership …

, membership in international organizations is significantly and robustly linked with better credibility, here proxied for by … country risk ratings. Two more results stand out: the longer a country has had a high level of membership, the higher its …