1908-2010. It is shown that although oil has been produced in Iran over a very long period, its importance in the Iranian … revenues when managed appropriately are a blessing, but their volatility (which in Iran is much higher than oil price …

effects of oil exports are taken into account, the estimates support output growth convergence between Iran and the rest of …, which could be partly due to the relatively underdeveloped nature of Iran's financial markets …

index of smuggling in Iran from 1970 to 2002. The Multiple Indicators - Multiple Causes (MIMIC) econometric modelling is … incentives for illegal trade. More trade openness accompanies more illegal trade for the case of Iran. On average, the relative … size of smuggling is about 13% of the total trade in Iran. The absolute amount of smuggling per year is about $3 billion …

subsequent taxation in Iran. We use rich micro survey data covering more than 36,000 Iranian households in 2009. Our micro …

development of government spending in major sections shapes the political institutions in Iran. This question has become … especially important due to recent international sanctions, aiming to change the political behavior of Iran. We use the impulse … provision spending in Iran. The results imply that a shock in positive changes of democratic quality of institutions leads to …

The increasing divorce rate has become a major social concern for policy makers in the Islamic government of Iran. The … in Iran. Dowries (Mehrieh) are usually in the form of gold coin and a wife has a legal right to them upon both parties … and divorce rate for the case of Iran over the period 1980-2014. Controlling for other factors, our regression results …

We study the short and long run responses of income inequality to positive per capita oil and gas rent shocks in Iran … different channels potentially affecting the income distribution in Iran. Our analysis can help policymakers evaluate and … accommodate the possible positive or negative effects on inequality in Iran resulting from the 2016 lifting of the embargo against …

This study examines how the quality of political institutions affects the distribution of the government budget in Iran …