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In 2014 over $60 billion was mobilized to help developing nations mitigate climate change, an amount equivalent to the GDP of Kenya. Interestingly, breaking from the traditional model of bilateral aid, donor countries distributed nearly fifty percent of their aid through multilateral aid funds...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012992608
As is now well documented, aid is given for both political as well as economic reasons. The conventional wisdom is that politically-motivated aid is less effective in promoting developmental objectives. We examine the ex-post performance ratings of World Bank projects and generally find that...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013316223
It is common knowledge that mobile individuals are difficult to tax. Governments accommodate these difficulties by … granting special tax reductions to mobile individuals as it is expedient to get some tax revenue from these individuals rather … than to lose them as tax payers completely. Taxing according to expediency is, however, criticized by ordinary tax payers …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013118680
economic theory prescribes that the advertising volume can be optimally reduced by levying a tax on ads. However, making use of … counterproductive. In particular, we identify a number of situations in which ad-adverse consumers are negatively affected by the tax …, and we even show that the tax may lead to higher ad volumes. This unorthodox reaction to a tax may arise when consumers …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012764277
concerning the health effects of the consumption of fat and of healthy goods. The level of the fat tax is determined through … fraction of the fat tax proceeds is “earmarked” to reduce health insurance premiums while the remaining fraction finances a … welfare, anticipating the induced political equilibrium. We show that the fat tax in the political equilibrium is always lower …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013013697
There exists a wide variety of tax treatments of pensions across the world. And the reasons for such a range of regimes …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012988229
The administration of tax policy has shifted its focus from enforcement to complementary instruments aimed at creating … a social norm of tax compliance. In this paper we provide an analysis of the effects of the dissemination of information … regarding the past degree of tax evasion at the social level on the current individual tax compliance behavior. We build an …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012916361
There is often a gap between the prescriptions of an 'optimal' tax system and actual tax systems, some of which can be … reviews the political economics literature on tax systems and reforms to see whether political mechanisms allow us to better … understand why tax systems look the way they look. Finally, we exploit a database of reforms in labor taxation in the European …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013121826
that, relative to the other tax reforms, capital tax cuts lead to the highest aggregate welfare but are skill-biased and … labour, falls in the capital tax can result in welfare losses for unskilled workers, even in the absence of other frictions … show that including the transition period in the welfare evaluation lowers the inequality effects of capital tax reductions …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013122638
We estimate the responses of gross labor income with respect to marginal and average net-of-tax rates in France over … the period 2003-2006. We exploit a series of reforms to the income-tax and payroll-tax schedules affecting individuals who … net-of-income-tax rate is around 0.2, while we find no response to the marginal net-of-payroll-tax rate. The elasticity …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013098649