address this question in the context of a recent German pension reform which raised the statutory retirement age by two years … of work ability at retirement and fundamental opposition. Our results show that expected work ability declines …

This study examines the economic globalization and the shadow economy nexus in Egypt. Using time series data from 1976 … to 2013, the impulse response analysis shows that the response of the shadow economy in Egypt to positive shocks in … globalization by reducing the costs of doing business and trade in dealing with sizable shadow economy in Egypt …

sector production. The model is calibrated to Egypt and used to study reforms such as reductions in energy subsidies with …

estimate the size of the shadow economy in Egypt during the last four decades (1976 to 2013). In addition to the standard … the Egyptian economy such as self-employment, agricultural importance and a proxy for institutional quality of democratic …