; the other is a market-making mode by which an intermediary offers a platform for buyers and sellers to trade with each …

international trade, self-enforcing - or stable - IEAs may comprise up to 60% of all countries (Eichner and Pethig 2013). But these … coalitions are Stackelberg leaders and set tariffs in addition to their cap-and-trade schemes. Surprisingly, these smaller IEAs …

We study the effect of international trade and freeness of trade (openness) on interregional inequality within … on weighted trade shares and trade costs. In addition to the standard trade-to-GDP ratio, we derive and propose an … aggregate freeness-of-trade measure based on phiness of trade. Both measures are instrumented by proxies constructed from …

We develop a heterogeneous-firms model with trade in goods, labor mobility and credit constraints due to moral hazard … trade liberalization. While the former leads to more dispersion of economic activity across space, the latter tends to drive …

on the volume of intermediate goods trade and the number of varieties produced are mutually reinforcing, resulting in a …

regional inequality. Geography, mobility and trade openness are also highly important. …

negative, but they are also influenced most by the global financial crisis. Finally, we find a significant link between trade …

Natural resources account for 20% of world trade, and dominate the exports of many countries. Policy is used to … (equivalent to trade taxes if no domestic production is possible). We review the literature, and argue that the policy equilibrium …