, increased division of labor in research, intense publication pressure, academic fraud, dilution of the concept of “university …,” and inadequate organizational forms for modern research. Academia, in a broader sense understood as “the locus of seeking …

research quality, which should be the essence of evaluation. For that reason, an alternative ranking is developed as a quality … research quality is considered. Even quantity rankings are not objective; two citation rankings, based on different samples … reflect research quality. Instead of propagating a ranking based on board membership as the gold standard, we suggest that …

conformity. In equilibrium, both quality and cost leaders choose higher advertising intensities and charge higher prices than …

exports. The paper modifies Arkolakis’s (2010) model of trade with heterogeneous firms by introducing endogenous quality and … choice of lower-quality products dominates the price distortion effect resulting from credit constraints. However, a … competing theory based on the alternative assumption that quality is exogenous across firms would predict completely opposite …

We study the incentives for hospitals to provide quality and expend cost-reducing effort when their budgets are soft, i …. Softer budgets reduce cost efficiency, while the effect on quality is ambiguous. For given cost efficiency, softer budgets … increase quality since parts of the expenditures may be covered by the payer. However, softer budgets reduce cost …

the effect of connecting a household to the grid and of the quality of electricity, defined as hours of daily supply. The … quality of electricity (in terms of fewer outages and more hours per day) increases non-agricultural incomes by about 28 …

We develop a theory of innovation for entry and sale into oligopoly, and show that inventions of higher quality are … entrepreneurial effort allocated to high-quality invention projects. Using data on patents granted to small firms and individuals, we … find evidence that high-quality inventions are sold under preemptive bidding competition. Asymmetric information problems …

We analyse the effect of competition on quality in hospital markets with regulated prices, considering both the effect … structure, we show that the relationship between competition and quality is generally ambiguous. In contrast to the received …

We investigate the effect of competition on quality in regulated markets (e.g., health care, higher education, public … the open-loop solution (providers choose the optimal quality investment plan based on demand at the initial period) and … the feedback closed-loop solution (providers observe demand in each period and choose quality in response to current …