factors underlying historical fertility limitation, the role of parental education has received little attention. We combine … their fertility before the demographic transition. Despite controlling for several demand and supply factors, we find a … negative residual effect of women's education on fertility. Instrumental-variable estimates, using exogenous variation in women …

causal effect of childcare costs on fertility in a context in which childcare enrollment is almost universal, user fees are …

multicultural public schools to private education increases private educational expenditures and, as a result, decreases fertility …

Fertility has long been declining in industrialised countries and the existence of public pension systems is considered … which a public pension system depresses fertility. Our theoretical framework highlights that the effect of a public pension … system on fertility works via the impact of contributions in such a system on disposable income as well as via the impact on …

Fertility and the provision of long-term care are connected by an aspect that has not received attention so far: both …’s fertility as well as their labor supply when young are affected by such policies. The overall effect can be decomposed into an … opportunity-cost effect and a consumption-smoothing effect that each impact fertility as well as labor supply in opposite …

What role does affordable and widely available public child care play for fertility? We exploit a major German reform … fertility. The fertility effects are more pronounced at the intensive than at the extensive margin, and are not driven by tempo … effects or selective migration. Our findings inform policy makers concerned about suboptimally low fertility by suggesting …

distribution of income. We develop and parametrize a dynamic model of the world economy with endogenous migration, fertility and …