that are more effective at preventing outsider's entry and at mitigating price competition lead to less patenting. We test … restrict entry and price competition. We show that guilds which originated from medieval religious confraternities were more … likely to regulate entry and competition, and that the effect on patenting is robust to instrumenting guild statutes with …

market competition eventually prevails over family ties even in a family-controlled governance system such as in Italy …The paper analyzes the interplay of product market competition and governance on CEO compensation in Italian listed … definitions of competition: the intensity of import penetration, which accounts for price competition, and the intensity of R …

local credit markets. We provide evidence that marginal increases in interbank competition are detrimental to relationship … technologies are al-ready widely in use in the market by a large group of small mutual banks, an increase in competition may drive …

enter (primary) school. Early age at school entry significantly affects mobility and reduces the relative advantage of …

Children starting school at older ages consistently exhibit better educational outcomes. In this paper, we underscore … child development as a mechanism driving this effect. We study the causal effect of school starting age on a child …'s probability of developing special educational needs in early grades. We find that starting school at a relatively older age …

cheating in the lab generalizes to the field. We conducted an experiment with middle and high school students to test whether a … common laboratory measure of cheating predicts three types of school misconduct: (i) disruptiveness in class, (ii) homework … school, suggesting that experimental measures of cheating generalize to rule violating behaviour in naturally occurring …

school districts, which serve higher-income, predominantly-white families, accept a group of minority elementary school … students who apply to transfer from a nearby, predominantly-minority school district. Slots are allocated via lottery. The …

We model centralized school matching as a second stage of a simple Tiebout-model and show that the two most discussed … disadvantaged if the school priorities are based on ex ante known (social) differences of the applicants …