Helpman, Melitz and Rubinstein (2008) derive gravity equations to estimate effects of trade barriers on the intensive … and extensive margins of trade. They exploit the frequency of zeros in aggregate bilateral trade data to identify effects … extensive margin when data contain only positive trade flows. We also control for the pervasive presence of heteroscedasticity …

) joint trade costs endogenous to bilateral volumes, (ii) long run gravity as a limiting case of efficient investment in … bilateral capacities, (iii) a structural ratio of short run to long run trade elasticities equal to a microfounded buyers …' incidence elasticity, and (iv) tractable short and long run models of the extensive margin. Application to manufacturing trade …

To what extent has trade liberalization contributed to global production fragmentation and the formation of production … networks? We derive structural equations for value added trade flows, the domestic value added content of exports (DVA) and the … accession in 2001. We find that the associated trade cost changes spurred global production fragmentation, explaining about 6 …

trade that historically have been addressed largely separately: the (partial) effects on trade of economic integration … of economic integration agreements (EIAs) on members’ trade may be biased upward owing to inadequate control for … intranational trade); we find evidence of this bias using a properly specified gravity equation. Second, our novel methodology …

We estimate the effect of broadband infrastructure, which enables high-speed internet, on economic growth in the panel …

This paper traces the 11,000 year evolution of infrastructure systems during major periods of innovation, expansion and … positive feedback between early capital market development and investment in infrastructure innovations that lowered system …-wide transaction costs has been a critical factor in sustaining growth since 1800. The paper sets out a model of infrastructure …

been done by analyzing gross trade flows related to offshore activities using gravity equations augmented by ad hoc … to theoretically unmotivated attempts to allow for both complete and incomplete specialization influences on gross trade … patterns. This view reveals that countries' multilateral specialization incentives drive bilateral trade, corresponding to and …

We propose a simple method to identify the effects of unilateral and non-discriminatory trade policies on bilateral … trade within a theoretically-consistent empirical gravity model. Specifically, we argue that structural gravity estimations … should be performed with data that include not only international trade flows but also intra-national trade flows. The use of …

A structural gravity model is used to estimate barriers to services trade across many sectors, countries and time …, geography, size and digital infrastructure as determinants of border barriers. We find that border barriers have generally …