When did Germany become economically integrated? Within the framework of a gravity model, based on a new data set of … about 40,000 observations on trade flows within and across the borders of Germany over the period 1885 – 1933, I explore the … internal fragmentation resulted from cultural heterogeneity, from administrative borders within Germany, and from geographical …

West Germany. Our basic goal is to shed light on what makes German regions grow. The paper finds that the relative income …, here West Germany, shows that the model might help to explain regional growth patterns. …

in Germany. The results suggest that attempts of state level governments to extract fiscal resources from the local …

-unification Germany. We find support for a spatial wage structure for German city-district wages, and hence indirectly for the relevance … of a new economic geography model for Germany. We also find that demand linkages in Germany are strongly localised and … that the “old” border still matters to the extent that economic interactions between western and eastern Germany are still …

legal differences. This paper uses cross-state variation in Germany, whose sixteen states share the same language and legal … system, but pursue different education policies. The same results found previously across countries hold within Germany …

Germany is the laggard of Europe, yet the country is world champion in merchandise exports. The paper tries to solve …

In this paper we present two new composite leading indicators of economicactivity in Germany estimated using a dynamic …