's clear eligibility criteria open up an opportunity for a reliable estimation of the causal impacts of the subsidy, using a … Finnish payroll tax subsidy scheme, which is targeted at the employers of older, full-time, low-wage workers. The system … difference-in-difference-in-differences approach. Our results indicate that the subsidy system had no effects on the employment …

school attended in grades 3 and 6, respectively. Consistent with recent evidence from other settings, we find that students … confirm that these achievement drops occur in non-urban areas and persist through grade 10, by which time most students have … students' performance trajectories …

. When only skilled workers are mobile, there is a sub-optimal shift from taxes to fees and the number of students is too low …. When also students can migrate, there is a countervailing force such that maintaining the optimal financial mix becomes …

This paper investigates the determinants of academic achievements of post-reform undergraduate students of Ca' Foscari … University of Venice. Academic achievements are measured with the students' grade point averages and time to graduation. The set … of independent variables contains information on students' personal characteristics, prior academic achievements, family …