Arouri, Mohamed El Hedi; Ben Youssef, Adel; M'Henni, Hatem - 2021
implementing recent bootstrap panel unit root tests and cointegration techniques to investigate the relationship between carbon … dioxide emissions, energy consumption, and real GDP for 12 Middle East and North African Countries (MENA) over the period 1981 … interestingly, we show that real GDP exhibits a quadratic relationship with CO2 emissions for the region as a whole. However …