especially important due to recent international sanctions, aiming to change the political behavior of Iran. We use the impulse … education expenditures in short term. If sanctions are successful to change the political behavior of Iran in short run (Dizaji … development of government spending in major sections shapes the political institutions in Iran. This question has become …

sequencing of benefits), monitoring in conjunction with sanctions, and workfare. Our reading of the theoretical literature is …

effort and benefit sanctions if observed search is deemed insufficient. We find that introducing monitoring and sanctions …

of improving the efficiency of UI: the duration of benefit payments, monitoring in conjunction with sanctions, and … monitoring and sanctions restores search incentives most effectively, since it brings additional incentives to search actively so … monitoring and sanctions than in the other two systems. Workfare appears to be inferior to the other two systems. …

sanctions insured unemployed whose effort is deemed insufficient. The model reveals that such schemes provide incentives to the …

1908-2010. It is shown that although oil has been produced in Iran over a very long period, its importance in the Iranian … revenues when managed appropriately are a blessing, but their volatility (which in Iran is much higher than oil price …

effects of oil exports are taken into account, the estimates support output growth convergence between Iran and the rest of …, which could be partly due to the relatively underdeveloped nature of Iran's financial markets …

index of smuggling in Iran from 1970 to 2002. The Multiple Indicators - Multiple Causes (MIMIC) econometric modelling is … incentives for illegal trade. More trade openness accompanies more illegal trade for the case of Iran. On average, the relative … size of smuggling is about 13% of the total trade in Iran. The absolute amount of smuggling per year is about $3 billion …

subsequent taxation in Iran. We use rich micro survey data covering more than 36,000 Iranian households in 2009. Our micro …