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This paper introduces dynamics in the R&D to innovation and innovation to productivity relationships, which have mostly been estimated on cross-sectional data. It considers four nonlinear dynamic simultaneous equations models that include individual effects and idiosyncratic errors correlated...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010670799
The real option theory provides a useful tool to evaluate an R&D investment under uncertainty because, unlike the NPV (Net Present Value), it considers the managerial flexibility that may be expand the investment opportunity value. However, most R&D investment projects are open to competing...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005013067
We analyze the impact of international R&D spillovers on recipient countries in terms of social and private returns. We divide the aggregate R&D stock by the business, government and education sectors and examine the impact on Total Factor Productivity. We endogenize the accrual of the R&D...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012964191
conditions are a major determinant of entrepreneurship. Higher local unemployment rates are found to increase the probability … individuals who are initially not employed respond more to high local unemployment rates by starting businesses than wage … influences resulting in higher levels of business creation. Using the regression estimates for the local unemployment rate …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010877680
This paper sheds new light on the effects of the minimum wage on employment from a two-sided theoretical perspective … incentives and increase job acceptance incentives. We show that sufficiently low minimum wages may do no harm to employment …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010877633
By international standards, unemployment in Sweden remained remarkably low throughout the 1970s and the 1980s. In the … early 1990s, however, the unemployment rate skyrocketed and hit double-digit levels. Unemployment remained high for several … the rise and fall of unemployment. It is argued that the steep rise in unemployment was mainly the result of a series of …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005766044
In the past decades unemployment in the Netherlands has gone down substantially. The main suspects responsible for this … unemployment rate in the Netherlands has increased somewhat. However, since the huge decline in unemployment was due to structural … improvements in the functioning of the labor market there is not a lot of reason to worry about the recent rise in unemployment …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005406185
Even before the Great Recession, U.S. employment growth was unimpressive. Between 2000 and 2007, the economy gave back … the considerable employment gains achieved during the 1990s, with a historic contraction in manufacturing employment being … force behind both recent reductions in U.S. manufacturing employment and — through input-output linkages and other general …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013021701
performance. Our analysis has two special features. First, apart from the two labour market states – employment and unemployment … that a shock to the net flow from unemployment to employment drive the unemployment rate and the participation rate in … interact and affect the evolution of unemployment rates and participation rates, the two main indicators of labour market …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013051614
analyze transitions of workers between unemployment, regular employment and employment accompanied by welfare receipt. Working …. Our findings allow us to draw cautious conclusions on employment subsidies paid as welfare benefits …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012984507