's counterfactual work behavior. We show that extending parental leave has significant positive effects on children's health and human … provided by mothers (or formal institutions) is superior to informal care arrangements …

(CEL) of 1997, and the differentiation in its implementation across regions, as instruments for schooling of young mothers … in Turkey. The CEL increased the compulsory years of schooling of those born after 1986 from 5 to 8 years. We find that … education of mothers increases the probability of completing the full course of DPT and Hepatitis B vaccinations for their …

We investigate how mother’s employment during childhood affects long term child outcomes. We utilize rich longitudinal … family types. We compare sibling differences in families where the mother enters the labor force when the children are older … out of the labor force during the entirety of her children’s adolescent years. Our identification strategy is, therefore …

generated by compulsory schooling expansions led to an increase in the number of biological children per woman and a decrease in …We study the relationship between education and fertility, exploiting compulsory schooling reforms in England and … children and the incidence of childlessness. We find surprising results for Continental Europe: the additional education …

cognitive development of lower socioeconomic status children who reached maturity in the mid-20th century …

indicate that mothers are in a worse physical condition if their children attend formal care, whereas no such effect is found … with regard to mothers’ mental health. Overall, there is evidence that mothers placing their children in formal day care … concerned with how mothers’ mental and physical health is affected by whether they place their child in formal day care or not …