Traditional economic models of vaccination behavior simply assume that agents free-ride on the vaccination decisions of … conjectural variation model, to explain how a positive peer effect regarding vaccination behavior arises. We conduct two empirical … studies using Japanese data in these models. The first empirical analysis, using a data set on the vaccination behavior of …

the findings can be related to an incumbency externality effect and to the theory of voter preferences for divided …

externalities appear along the lifecycle. In a simple model, we show that it may be efficient to subsidize innovative firms in their … early stages or to protect mature firms from competition to appropriate these externalities. However, non …-benevolent politicians may not choose efficient policies. Real-world examples indicate that politicians tend to concentrate on externalities …