beginning of their terms, but in line with the preferences of single-issue minorities as they approach re-election. To assess …'s predictions, election proximity has a pro-gun effect on Democratic senators and a pro-environment effect on Republican senators … size. Also in line with our theory, election proximity has no impact on senators' decisions on reproductive rights, because …

positive effect of election stakes on turnout …

Random factors such as bad weather or exogenous economic shocks affect the re-election of politicians and can reduce … accountability. Such distorted election choices interact with the architecture of government. Contrasting centralized with … decentralized political systems, this study shows that centralization is likely to result in higher accountability if election …

the endogenous variables; the federal election trend is treated as predetermined. Our results suggest that shocks in …

of politicians to hire relatives increased with the margin of the majority for the incumbent in the previous election …

year of a gubernatorial election, the elasticity of investment to the eventual margin of victory is 0.027. Both the …

. Our results indicate that the fall in revenue in election periods is attributed to a fall in direct taxation. The …