. Domestic innovation is measured as citation-weighted domestic patents filed at the European Patent Office (EPO): to account for … to patent at the EPO. Results show that, in the short-run, IPR stimulate innovation. The effect for developing countries …

the optimal mix of patent and trade secrets when the innovator faces a strict novelty requirement and can only patent a … innovator can successively patent different fragments of the process. We compare a regime with prior user rights, when the …

-stage model in which choosing between patent and trade secrecy is affected by three parameters: the patent strength defined as the … small innovations are always patented. Furthermore, medium innovations are patented only when patent strength is … sufficiently high. Finally, we investigate a class of licensing agreements used to settle patent disputes between patent holders …

The doctrine of patent exhaustion implies that the authorized sale of patented goods “exhausts” the patent rights in …, in which the patent owner forfeits all rights upon an authorized sale, and presumptive exhaustion, in which the patent … owner may opt-out of exhaustion via contract. This paper offers the first economic model of domestic patent exhaustion that …

patentability standards at PTOs (Patent and Trademark Offices awarding so-called bad patents), not only “false innovators” have the … chance of being granted patents but also, and more interestingly, “true innovators” are forced to patent more intensively … distortions caused by bad patents. Moreover, we show that introducing a two-tiered patent system is unlikely to improve market …

This paper develops a theory of patent portfolios in which firms accumulate an enormous amount of related patents in … infringe on other firms' patent portfolios. We investigate how litigation incentives for the holders of patent portfolios … impact the incentives to introduce new products and draw welfare implications. We also consider a patent portfolio …

This paper develops a model of patent trolls to understand various litigation strategies employed by nonpracticing …

Recent empirical studies suggest a need for a flexible patent regime responding to industry characteristics. In … practice, sector-specific modifications of patent strength already exist but lack theoretical foundation. This paper intends to … make up for this neglect by scrutinizing in what direction industry characteristics influence optimal patent strength. It …

.S. “exhausts” all rights of the patentee to that item under the Patent Act. This decision goes against the Government's position … that a foreign sale authorized by the U.S. patentee should exhaust U.S. patent rights by default unless the patentee … distribution. PIE subjects the firms that source in the South and sell in the North to the risk of a patent infringement lawsuit …