since the Uruguay Round (1986 to 1994). It would create a free trade zone covering 45% of world GDP. However, critics …The proposed Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) is the most significant trade policy initiative … estimated general equilibrium trade model. Assuming that the TTIP will reduce transatlantic trade costs by as much as existing …

The expansion of regionalism has spawned an extensive theoretical literature analysing the effects of Free Trade … Agreements (FTAs) on trade flows. In this paper we focus on FTAs (also called European agreements) between the European Union (EU … effects on trade flows by treating the agreement variable as endogenous. Our theoretical framework is the gravity model, and …

empirical model which takes into account both that preferential trade agreement membership is endogenous and that the world … the structural, non-(log-)linear impact of trade barriers on trade in new trade theory models. Structural new trade theory … models have never been used to evaluate and quantify the role of endogenous preferential trade agreement (PTA) membership for …

In a seminal paper, Rose (2004) found that the assumed positive impact of the WTO on international trade was … and separating the WTO from other forms of trade agreements. A key characteristic of this literature is the rather … simplistic way in which trade agreements are treated whereby all trade agreements are lumped together. Trade agreements come …

trade that historically have been addressed largely separately: the (partial) effects on trade of economic integration … of economic integration agreements (EIAs) on members’ trade may be biased upward owing to inadequate control for … intranational trade); we find evidence of this bias using a properly specified gravity equation. Second, our novel methodology …

past free trade agreements (FTAs) as well as obtain ex ante predictions for the effects of future FTAs. We first identify … ante trade frictions. The effects of new FTAs are similarly weaker for pairs with existing agreements already in place. In … addition, we are able to relate asymmetries in FTA effects to each country's ability to influence the other's terms of trade …

This paper reviews the most significant recent developments in the theory of trade agreements. The paper offers an … integrated approach to evaluating trade agreements, and uses the approach to present results on preferential and multilateral … trade agreements. The paper identifies also several questions for further research …

– horizontal versus vertical – within the European Union and the relevance of trade integration as a potential determinant of … investment flows over the period 1995-2009. We capture trade integration by estimating the magnitude and evolution of the home … robust relationship of complementarity between trade integration and FDI provides at least one argument in support of …

Cultural factors and especially common languages are well-known determinants of trade. By contrast, the knowledge of … determinant for foreign trade, with English playing an especially important role. The robustness of our results is confirmed by a … natural experiment of trade between Eastern and Western Europe …