This paper develops a model of patent trolls to understand various litigation strategies employed by nonpracticing …

This paper analyzes the optimal protection strategy for an innovator of a complex innovation who faces the risk of … imitation by a competitor. We suppose that the innovation can be continuously fragmented into sub-innovations. We characterize … the optimal mix of patent and trade secrets when the innovator faces a strict novelty requirement and can only patent a …

-competitive effects of patent pools for complementary patents naturally extend for dynamic innovation incentives. However, this simple …This paper analyzes patent pools and their effects on innovation incentives. It is shown that the pro … case, the licensing fees reflect the strength of patents. Patent pools of complementary patents can be used to discourage …

This paper investigates the choice of an intellectual protection regime for a process innovation. We set up a multi …-stage model in which choosing between patent and trade secrecy is affected by three parameters: the patent strength defined as the … probability that the right is upheld by the court, the cost of imitating a patented innovation relative to the cost of imitating a …

. Domestic innovation is measured as citation-weighted domestic patents filed at the European Patent Office (EPO): to account for … to patent at the EPO. Results show that, in the short-run, IPR stimulate innovation. The effect for developing countries …This paper analyses the causal impact of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) on pharmaceutical innovation in a panel of …

We construct a tractable general equilibrium model of cumulative innovation and growth, in which new ideas strictly … lower than the social planner's benchmark, which suggests a role for patent policy. We focus on a “non-infringing inventive … the rate of innovation, as well as a separate optimal required inventive step that maximizes welfare, with the former …

patentability standards at PTOs (Patent and Trademark Offices awarding so-called bad patents), not only “false innovators” have the … chance of being granted patents but also, and more interestingly, “true innovators” are forced to patent more intensively … distortions caused by bad patents. Moreover, we show that introducing a two-tiered patent system is unlikely to improve market …

Patent box regimes have become increasingly popular as an instrument to attract taxable income from intellectual … property (IP). This paper assesses the quantitative impact of patent box regimes on profit shifting by multinational … enterprises (MNEs). We proxy the ability to access the tax benefit of the patent box by historical IP ownership. On average …

preferences that guide such antitrust prosecutions remain understudied. We empirically examine the intertemporal shifts in U ….S. antitrust cartel prosecutions during the period 1969-2013. This period has seen substantive policy innovations with increasing …