We study the relationship between participation in free trade agreements (FTAs) and the sustainability of democracy … of regionalism and of worldwide democratization since the late 1980s …

The paper reexamines Lipset's theory of democratization, by distinguishing the role of (economic) development from that … explanation of the positive relationship between economic development, education, and democratization, and of the negative … relationship between inequality and democratization. Furthermore, we obtain new insights on the resources-curse hypothesis and on …

Democracy usually is identified by the right to vote. However, in recent times voting procedures have been criticized … process. We suggest invigorating an old but nearly forgotten procedure to overcome this deficit: Aleatoric Democracy based on … considered. Persons and ideas, being so far disregarded, are taken into account. Democracy becomes vivid and creative, and does …

This paper develops a new model of trade policy under dictatorship and democratization. The paper makes two …

This paper shows how a world price shock can increase the likelihood that democratization must be used to resolve the … price shock can push the country into a situation where the elite face a commitment problem that only democratization can … of national income per capita and democracy may not be positively correlated. The model is also useful for understanding …

national parliament cannot, without undermining its own legitimacy, allow the results of a constitutional referendum to be …

probability of a transition from autocracy to democracy and reduces the probability of democratic survival …

We show that drought-induced changes in the intensity of riots lead to moves towards democracy in sub-Saharan Africa …

democratization. I think of situations where this is a possibility as democratic tipping points. The transitory events I focus on are …