In the face of an unprecedented economic recession caused by the Covid-19 pandemic, the EU has set up the biggest … stimulus in its history - a 750-billion-euro fund called "Next Generation EU" - to support economic recovery. This initiative … is ground-breaking as it includes grants and loan facilities for member countries, financed by EU borrowing. It stresses …

This paper discusses the introduction of new own resources to finance the EU budget. Currently roughly two thirds of … criticised for leading to political debates that emphasise the cost of EU spending rather than on the benefits, and for … contributing to the framing of discussions on the EU budget in terms of net balances, rather than value added through common …

trade policy scenarios that may arise from new geopolitical risks. We describe the EU’s recent decline in importance as an … international trading partner, while for the EU itself global trade dependency has increased. We show that this dependence is highly … economic impact of several policy-driven de-globalization scenarios for Europe, for individual EU member states, different …