made data protection and privacy a major policy concern. When surfing the web, consumers leave digital traces that can be … activity. The extent of shadow profiling Facebook may engage in is similar on privacy-sensitive domains and across user …

) transparency or if consumers’ privacy preference differs across countries. Unilateral data regulation by each country addresses the …

We study the relation between ad networks, consumer privacy and the online advertising market. We consider two … ads. However, its tracking capability depends on consumer privacy-related choices (e.g., accepting third-party cookies … consumers. Hence, there may be too little tracking in equilibrium, even from consumers' perspective. We evaluate several privacy …

policy requiring list prices to be public). Otherwise, more protective privacy regulations have ambiguous effects on consumer …

markets. Finally, we study how the intermediary responds to policies designed to enhance transparency or consumer privacy, and …