account for this. We estimate the causal effect of teacher subject knowledge on student achievement using within … knowledge ; student achievement ; Peru …

To study whether current spending levels and public knowledge of them contribute to transatlantic differences in policy … by prior knowledge in a manner consistent with information effects rather than priming. Support for salary increases is …

Trade and growth theories predict a mutual causation of innovation and exports. We test empirically whether innovation … exogenous to firms export performance. We find that innovation attributable to this variation leads to an increase of roughly 7 …