We model EU countries' bank ratings using financial variables and allowing for intercept and slope heterogeneity. Our … aim is to assess whether "old" and "new" EU countries are rated differently and to determine whether "new" ones are … intercepts) are a crucial determinant of ratings. Whilst "new" EU countries typically have lower ratings than "old" ones, after …

functions which evaluate the entire predictive densities, including an evaluation of the impact of density features such as … individual density forecast performance. -- density forecasts ; forecast evaluation ; real-time data ; Survey of Professional …

industries) in 25 EU countries over the period from 1995 to 2005. By applying a cross-country and industry-specific approach, it …

In the course of the EU enlargement process, the participation of accession countries in the European Monetary Union …