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all variables proposed by theory, despite a broad set of fixed effects (FE). We find that both REERs are important and … multilateral resistances. Untangling normalization helps to get a better view of what is still unexplained by theory. …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011791519
of informality of 157 countries around the world, including developing, eastern European, central Asian and high income …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012980344
The financial means of international terror and organized crime organizations are analysed. First, some short remarks about the organization of international terror organizations are made. Second and in a much more detailed way a literature review is provided about the financing of terrorist and...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013145188
The relationship between corruption and the shadow economy is not clear. Theoretically, they either substitute or complement each other - exhibiting either a negative or positive relationship. This paper - using a structural equation model with two latent variables - extracts information on...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013159506
In this paper we analyze the influence of direct democratic institutions on the size and development of the shadow economies. The framework developed predicts a negative relationship between the degree of direct democracy and the size of the shadow economy. Countries where direct democratic...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10009503812
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This paper analyzes the influence of the shadow economy on corruption and vice versa. We hypothesize that corruption and shadow economy are substitutes in high income countries while they are complements in low income countries. The hypotheses are tested for a cross-section of 120 countries and...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10003300991
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