This paper investigates Becker, Hornung and Woessmann's recent claim that education had an important causal effect on … problems, notably the omission of relevant variables which leads to serious bias in the estimated effect of education. When … these problems are corrected, the conclusions of Becker, Hornung and Woessmann no longer hold. Education did not play an …

association between average formal education and the share of married women. This finding is in line with recent theoretical and …